How to Understand Canadian Small Business Taxes

Starting a small business means you’ll have the opportunity to become your own boss and make some of your dreams come true. It also means you’ll have to pay business taxes. For some small business owners paying taxes turns that dream into a nightmare. There are numerous resources you can tap into that can guide you through the completion of the tax forms if you decide to make it a DIY project. Many business owners prefer to bring in outside help like an accountant or tax attorney. Whichever option to choose, it will be helpful to begin with a basic understanding of small business taxes.

What Type of Business Are You?

Entering into a business means you have to pick which type of business you’ll be operating as. Your choices are:

1)      Sole Proprietorship

2)      Partnership

3)      Corporation

A sole proprietorship means you are the only owner and you’re not incorporating your company. With a partnership, there will be at least two owners (could be more) who contribute to the business. Any profits you make in a partnership will be divided based on the rates established in your partnership agreement. A corporation is a standalone legal entity that is allowed to sign contracts and own property. Many business owners choose the corporation option because it provides a level of protection for personal assets. In other words, if your corporation is sued then only the corporation’s assets are in play.

What Are the Filings Dates and Forms?

As sole proprietorship business owner you will be filing a personal income tax just as you would if you were working for someone else. You’ll pay taxes on all your business earnings that will be included on the T2124 Statement of Business Activities form. The fiscal year for a sole proprietorship ends on December 31^st. If you want to select a different end of the year in fiscal terms you’ll need to use form T1139. With the December 31^st end you’ll need to file by June 15^th.

With a small business partnership, the partners will file their share of the business earnings on their individual tax returns. The same filing deadlines as the sole proprietorship business apply.

A small business that has incorporated will use form T2 for corporate income taxes. That form needs to be filed within six months of the end of the business’ fiscal year. All tax forms for any type of business need to be kept for six years.

What Are the Earnings and Expenses?

Here’s where it gets a bit complicated. When a business records any type of earning or expense they need to use the Accrual Method. Translation: You’ll record revenue when you have delivered the good or service not when you’re paid for it. Same for expenses; you record when you incur the expense, not when you pay for it. This is why thorough record keeping is so essential for a small business. To make a business expense deduction, you need to prove that whatever you purchased was used exclusively by your business. As for earnings, that is considered as any money you take in that is a result of your business services.

Selling your business – what to do for an easy sale

Selling your business could be one of the most important and difficult decisions you will make in your business career. When things are going well – your business is making money, you’re enjoying yourself, and the future looks great -  you’re not thinking about preparing for your retirement. 

The earlier you start planning for your company’s sale, the better you’ll be able to take advantage of a higher valuation and a quick turnaround. Here are some good reasons why you should be prepared to sell:  

·         You may fall sick unexpectedly

·         Your life goals change along the way

·         Not having a successor to replace you as you retire

·         Business partnership issues and you want to sell your shares

       ·     Lifestyle change


When you are ready to sell your successful company, you should keep these three things in mind:

·         You must make a profit from your investment in the company

·         The sale of your equity should be converted into liquid assets such as cash

·         The amount you receive should meet your needs for your professional and personal life

What is the value of your business?

Determining the value of your business is like sales – what are your potential buyers willing to pay for a business like yours? With the help of a Chartered Accountant, you can run various accounting models to come up with a number using data that comes from the economic strength of your business, your industry, how much your competitors are worth, your sales revenue and profit margins.  All these must be taken into account. Remember, the buyer is not looking at purchasing the cheapest business they can find, they are looking for a company that can potentially make them more money in the future. So you need to prove to the buyers that your business will continue to grow in the industry you’re in.  

Work with a third-party business valuator whose objectivity can help smooth the sale for both yourself and your buyer.

Are your finances in shape?

You should already have your books kept in order while you’re running your business. When it comes to a sale, nothing is more important to a buyer than your accounting.  They will be asking questions such as:

·         Are you making money?

·         Are your profit margins healthy?

·         Does the company have any unmanageable debt?

New owners want to buy businesses that are healthy and thriving.  You'll also want to be sure that you've reduced your liabilities as much as possible, doing things such as settling any lawsuits and making sure all tax payments are up to date.

Gather a professional team

Selling a business is complicated.  With a complex transaction like this, you want to make sure that all your bases are covered.  By hiring a professional team to guide you in the sales process, they can provide you with the objective advice that you need to sell your business at the best value.  In recruiting a team, make sure that you choose consultants who have experience in your industry and your type of business, be it a small business or a large multi-national corporation.

Other than a corporate lawyer who can help you with the legalese and contracts, you should also take a look at hiring a good accountant. If your business has assets such as a manufacturing plant and warehouses, you can also recruit a corporate realtor who may have contacts in your industry.

Make sure that you take the time and effort to do it right the first time. By preparing carefully and using the best resources that you can hire, you are increasing the chances of selling your business at a great price.

How to Choose an Accountant for Your Small Business

As you begin the journey of operating a small business you’ll find yourself entering into many new partnerships. Not only will you be building a qualified staff to help accomplish your company’s goals but you’ll also require the help of attorneys, landlords, real estate agents, insurance agents and accountants. It’s the accountant that might just become the most valuable asset to your company. That’s why picking the right account is crucial to the success of your business.

Just as with a company lawyer, it will be very hard to hide something from your accountant. That’s why you need to find a person and/or firm that you can trust. In order to pick the right small business accountant you have to understand the nature of their job. In this way you’ll be able assess possible candidates.

Beyond Bookkeeping: The Role of the Accountant

A small business that is just starting up could get by with a qualified bookkeeper to handle the accounts. This could be an employee specifically hired for the task. A bookkeeper needs to keep track of all the financial records pertaining to revenue and expenditures. Thanks to some very decent software programs, simple bookkeeping tasks aren’t complicated to maintain. However, when you bring an accountant into the equation then you are basically “super-sizing” your bookkeeping abilities.

A small business accountant will not only handle the bookkeeping duties but they will also be able to process all that financial information into advice for appropriate courses of action for the business.  One of the biggest issues that an accountant deals with is tax planning. This is not something that just happens every April 15. Business taxes need to be worked on throughout the year. Deductions, payroll, expenditures and investments all have impacts on a company’s tax return and an accountant will be in the best position to analyze the various options.

An experienced accountant is also someone who can provide consultations with regard to expanding your business. There is where they really can earn their paycheck! Although the final decision would be yours as the head of the company, an accountant should offer many options regarding an expansion plan whether that includes opening additional stores/offices and increasing the staff size. Your accountant should be as invested in your success as you are.

A small business achieves many levels of asset protection when it becomes incorporated. As the head of the company, you’ll also benefit from that protection but you might need assistance with regard to your personal finances. Your company accountant is probably in the best position to also advise you on your individual tax returns and suggest possible investment areas.

Accountant Interview Questions

As you meet with different candidates for your accountant you might want to consider asking them these pertinent questions:

·         What are your CPA qualifications?

·         How long have you been a CPA?

·         What other types of business do you represent?

·         How up to date are you with computer bookkeeping programs?

·         How do you keep on top of market trends?

·         How are your fees calculated?

·         What role do you play in the community?

Finally, ask for references and follow up with them. A good accountant should have no problems sharing their past and current success stories!

How to Master Canadian Taxes Before Next Year

If you compiled a list of Canada's greatest complexities, chances are very good that the Canadian Income Tax Act would command a respectable spot on that list. In recent years, it has expanded incredibly, becoming a quagmire of confusion to the average citizen. It is no wonder that more than half of all Canadians now secure professional help to prepare and file their tax returns.

Have you tried to hold a conversation with a tax preparer during tax season? It is limited to several words as most tax professionals literally work around the clock to prepare as many returns as possible. If you are one of the clients, appreciate that your expectations are linked directly to your level of cooperation. In other words, your accountant cannot use information, sometimes basic and crucial, if you don't supply it. Due to the tremendous workload and seasonal pressure, the accountant may not ask every question. Therefore, be prepared to supply certain information, along with your receipts and T4's or T5's.

The amount of tax you pay depends on a number of key facts that your accountant should know. Marital status and exact age are crucial as these affect possible tax credits or deductions. Your children, depending on their ages, create numerous tax credits and deductible expenses. Accuracy is essential; there is no room for approximation.

If you were employed at several jobs, be sure that each employer is listed in your return, even if you did not receive a T4. You are responsible for paying taxes on earned income and your accountant must be aware of every dollar that you earned.

If you own a business, compile a detailed list of every possible expense and revenue. Your accountant can decide which are not relevant, if any. Don't make assumptions by yourself; let the professional decide.

List all your financial holdings, including any overseas investments. With all the pertinent information available, your accountant can determine your tax liabilities. Similarly, don’t forget to list "non-employment" income such as rental income, capital gains from sale of property, etc.

Finally, don't forget medical expenses. Keep all your receipts for treatments, medications, insurance, etc. You paid dearly for your health and some of the expenses may return to you.

Spend some time researching tax credits and benefits. If you're not sure whether you are eligible, ask your accountant. It is better to err on the side of caution. It's easier to remove some numbers but much harder to add them if they were never included.

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How Can I Find a Good Accountant?

May 2010; the tax season is behind us for another year. If you are like almost half the Canadian population, you prepare your own taxes each year. But, as the Canadian tax code is growing increasingly more complex, a greater number of Canadians are seeking professional assistance from accountants in order to reduce the risk of paying unnecessary taxes.

Locating accountants is relatively easy. Finding the accountant suitable for your specific needs is far more difficult. Canada boasts three professional accounting bodies whose members are certified to serve the accounting needs of the nation. However, each organization has different standards and requirements for membership. Therefore, if you are shopping for an accountant, it's best to decide precisely what your needs are and interview prospective accountants carefully.

By far, Chartered Accountants (CA's) are the best trained accounting professionals. Only CA's can audit and sign financial statements. Roughly 40% of CA's in Canada work with the public, while the remainder is employed in the private sector, government, or education. Although advertisements for CA's will make many claims, it is wise to get several references.

In addition to CA's, Canada also has 37,000 Certified Management Accountants (CMA's). Generally, CMA's do not have private practices but, rather, work in large organizations, monitoring and interpreting operating results to help management develop operating strategies. Nonetheless, a CMA should have adequate training to help a small business or a self-employed individual with basic tax management and preparation.

Finally, Certified General Accountants (CGA's) offer a little something for everybody, working both in private practice as well as corporate or government settings.

Whomever you choose, your best bet is to ask friends and colleagues for recommendations. Also, take the time to interview at least three prospective candidates. Be sure that the chemistry is right between you. But, as much as possible, try to be your own accountant. A wealth of information is available online today. If you can't do it yourself, gather as much information as possible so you know what to request of your accountant. By learning to prepare your own taxes, you'll gain valuable insight into managing your everyday financial affairs.

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Canadian Tax Deductions to Keep in Mind

Get ready, Canada – April 30th is rapidly approaching. As most Canadians are aware, this auspicious date heralds the end of the tax season for the previous year. It is your last opportunity to make any adjustments to your taxable income and, hopefully, reduce the tax due.

Tax deductions exist within the legal system to allow a degree of parity amongst taxpayers and create a balance between earned income and the relevant taxes. However, as most accountants will point out, although the government will allow you legal deductions on your tax return, they will not contact you to point out possible deductions that you missed claiming. Therefore, research and consulting may be worth money in your pocket.

Here are a few sample deductions you may have missed:

Certain adult family members living at home can reduce your taxable income. If you have a relative over 18 with a physical or mental disability, and they live with you, you can deduct more than $4,000 of your taxable income for the expenses incurred for them.

Do you work from home in your rented apartment? If you have dedicated workspace at home, and work there at least 50% of your time, a portion of your rent and maintenance expenses may qualify as a tax deduction

If you are required to use your own car for business purposes, and do not receive a nontaxable allowance from your employer, you can deduct a portion of your auto expenses including lease payment, loan interest, maintenance, licence and repairs.

Who ever thought that your hobby may be tax deductible? If you earn some side income from your hobby and travel in order to do so, a portion of the travel expenses can be claimed against your taxable income.

A person who drives for a living can claim a portion of their food expenses while traveling. Similarly, when you travel for work, it is expected that you need lodging and showers. These, too, are deductible expenses.

If you are filing a simple return, it may not be necessary for you to incur the expense of a professional tax preparer. The Canada Revenue Agency maintains a highly informative website. On the other hand, if you feel you may be missing something, consult with a professional. After all, as honest hardworking Canadians, we all pay our taxes. But, we wouldn't mind paying just a little less.

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