Living Week by Week: Rough Economic Times for Canadians

The results of a new poll released this week by the Canadian Payroll Association revealed some surprising statistics and facts about the average Canadian household. A one week delay in receiving a paycheque would render nearly 60 percent of Canadians unable to pay their regular bills. Moreover, the same majority group has little or no ability to set aside money for retirement funds.

These surprising results have shed new light on the financial condition of many Canadian homes during these rough economic times. Despite common financial advice that people should have an emergency cash reserve for three months of expenses, the majority of households surveyed admitted that they are happy if they can make it to the next paycheque, let alone save for retirement or emergencies.

The younger workforce is in greater distress. 45 percent of workers aged 18 to 34 are feeling the crunch and feel that they are having trouble making ends meet. A delay in being paid would spell disaster. 72 percent of single parents responded in a similar fashion.

Regardless of age, the survey revealed that half of all Canadian workers are unable to save more than five percent of their net income for retirement. Financial planners recommend that ten percent is an advisable amount. However, the recent fluctuations in the stock markets have made saving for retirement far more challenging. Nearly one third of Canadians are trying to save more money but they can't. 42 percent admit that they aren't trying at all to save more.

Despite the variety and wide array of financial products being offered to Canadians by financial institutions nationwide, many Canadians seem pleased if they can pay their bills after payday.

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Canadian Recovery Indicators

Recent economic records this summer seem to indicate brighter days on the Canadian horizon. Earlier, analysts had predicted a $100 million surplus in July. The reality, though, was quite different. Rather than a surplus, Canada experienced a near record deficit in July 2009 of $1.43 billion. This was surpassed only by the May 2009 deficit of $1.45 billion. Despite these figures, economic analysts seem buoyed by the surge in imports. The sharp rise in imports and exports seem to indicate that recovery from the global financial crisis is on the horizon.

Import figures for July reflected an overall 8.3 percent increase from the previous month. This positive figure included a 10.9 percent increase in machinery and equipment imports, an impressive 18.7 percent rise in automotive products, and a similarly encouraging 18.6 percent rise in energy products.

Exports rose by 3.3 percent in July, primarily due to increased shipments of equipment, machinery, and automotive products. 73 percent of all Canadian exports in July were to the United States but, due to the sluggish American economy, this figure was down a whopping 35.2 percent from July 2008.

In order to stimulate the economy, the Bank of Canada has promised to leave interest rates at their current record low. The recent trade figures have not caused the Bank to change its current position. Responding to the Bank's announcement regarding interest rates, the Canadian dollar rose to 92.46 U.S. cents from 92.10 U.S. cents.

Analysts insist that the increasing deficit is not a prime cause of long term concern. The true indicator is the rapid acceleration in trade volumes. The rises in imports and exports indicate increased commercial activity and the true beginnings of economic recovery.

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Joint Canada/B.C. Jobs Program

British Columbia has been seriously affected by the global recession. As a province with many communities heavily reliant on resource-based industries such as mining, agriculture and fishing and manufacturing, the job market is in a severe crisis. Responding to the needs of these western communities, the federal and provincial governments have banded together to create immediate jobs and help workers impacted by the recession.

A $14 million investment has been made recently through the Community Adjustment Fund and the Job Opportunities Program. 45 new projects will be funded, creating more than 470 jobs for laid-off resource workers. The projects are endorsed and supported by local communities. The programs are not stop-gap measures but will hopefully create foundations for long-lasting prosperity.

However, this is but one phase of a much larger program. The Job Opportunities Program was first announced in May 2008 with an initial investment of $25 million. In July 2009, the federal government and the B.C. provincial government, both committed to maintaining financial stability and keeping Canadians working during this recession, each committed an additional $30 million to the program. The Community Adjustment Fund, part of Canada's Economic Action Plan, is a two year, $1 billion nationwide program to support job creating projects and maintain employment in rural communities. Nearly one third of the program's funds, $306 million, are being directed to the four westernmost provinces of Canada. The impact of the recession has been felt much more in the west than other provinces across the nation.

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How Canada Prepared for the Crunch

Looking back just a little, the current recession took hold in 2007 when the inflated U.S. real estate bubble exploded. The speed with which the downfall snowballed surprised many but did provide enough time for legislators to take early action. The Canadian government, under Prime Minister Stephen Harper, was one of the first to prepare for the coming financial challenges.

The first step was introducing legislation in 2007 for permanent tax reductions for Canadian homes and businesses. As the recession hit the U.S. in early 2008, these new tax cuts took effect, helping sustain consumer spending and pumping billions of dollars into the Canadian economy. The lower GST is a blessing for individuals who have more of their hard earned dollars to spend. Canadian businesses now benefit from the lowest corporate tax rate among G7 industrialized countries, providing cash for continued corporate growth and creating new jobs.

During the country's strong economic years in 2005-2006, the government wisely reduced the national debt by $37 billion. By entering this recession period with a low debt burden, the government has had flexibility to run a short term deficit and provide funds for job creating investments and other economic stimulus programs.

Another preventive measure undertaken by the Harper government was regulating the mortgage market. The maximum term was reduced to 35 years and a minimum 5 percent down payment is required for government-backed mortgages.

Finally, responding to a cautious banking sector, the government has enacted programs to provide access to financing for consumers, households, and businesses. The government has not replaced private lending but, rather, is working in a cooperative effort with financial institutions to encourage lending and provide a network of guarantees.
 
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Credit Now Available From The Federal Government

A person needs oxygen to survive. A business needs credit. Even in the most difficult of times, the flow of oxygen remains uninterrupted. Not so, however, with credit.

Many a business has seen its line of credit be reduced or cancelled over the course of the last year. Financial institutions, seeking to reduce risks on unsecured or unstable credit lines, have made obtaining funds ever more difficult. This move has dealt a crippling or death blow to many small businesses in Canada.
Under Canada's recent Economic Action Plan, designed to stimulate and strengthen the Canadian economy, the Federal government is sponsoring a program that will work with financial institutions in the private sector. The Business Credit Availability Program (BCAP) will provide loans and other forms of credit support to creditworthy businesses. At least $5 billion has been allocated in loans and other forms of credit support for business enterprises with viable business models but, for various reasons, have limited or no accessibility to financing.

The BCAP is a joint venture between two financial Crown corporations and private Canadian financial institutions. The steering committee is comprised of senior representatives of all sponsoring parties whose experience and commitment have establishes a program with initial promising results. Similar to credit issues, discussions are also being conducted to examine ways of providing accounts receivable insurance.

Business owners and entrepreneurs seeking assistance through this program to support their established operations and preserve jobs should contact their financial institutions to discuss their needs and eligibility. Your financial representative can advise you which program is best suited for your particular situation.
 
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Is Canadian Employment on the Rise?

Statistics are like a cat. Rub its fur one way and it purrs; rub the other way and the results are somewhat less positive.

So it is with employment figures released by Statistics Canada for the month of August 2009. Stephen Harper's Conservative government is giving a positive spin to the 27,100 net jobs gain for the month. The announcement triggered an eight-tenth of a cent rise in the Canadian dollar, although higher crude oil prices may also have influenced the dollar's rise. Some leading economists have announced that this is an indication of the end of the recession. All this sounds rather encouraging.

Critics, though, are quick to note that many Canadians are not feeling quite as positive. Most of the new jobs were part-time only. The number of unemployed rose in August by 21,900, bringing the total number of unemployed Canadians to 486,000 since the global financial crunch of October 2008. The decline in the manufacturing sector has continued, although construction has begun to stabilize. Most of the new part-time jobs were in the lower paying service sector. Higher paying, high productivity work fell by 17,300 positions. Full-time work continues to be in a decline.

Certainly, there is cause to be optimistic. As one economist stated, half a job is better than no job. Economic indicators seem to point in a positive direction. But, one month of net growth may be far too early to establish a positive trend. Canada may well be on its way to economic recovery. Nearly half a million unemployed Canadians certainly hope so.

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Government Financing for Small Business

One of the most difficult results of the financial recession has been the drastically reduced amount of credit available to small businesses. Banks have become highly selective in granting loans – the lifeblood of many a business.

An important program in Canada's Economic Action Plan is the Canada Small Business Financing Program (CSBFP). This program is designed to help small and medium-sized businesses access financing. For-profit enterprises with gross annual revenues of $5 million or less may be eligible for loan amounts up to $350,000 and $500,000 for real property.

The CSBFP is administered by Industry Canada in partnership with private sector lending institutions across all the provinces and territories. In total, more than 1200 service locations have been established to facilitate business owners seeking loans. The government does not participate in the lending process, nor does it make the decisions. The final decision is solely at the discretion of the financial institution. However, in order to encourage lenders to make loans that they otherwise might not, the federal government will cover a portion of losses due to default. A lending institution with a portfolio greater than $500,000 will be eligible for reimbursement of losses up to 12 percent of its portfolio's value.

Loans to small and medium-sized businesses are not guaranteed under the CSBFP. Business owners should discuss their needs with a financial officer at a participating financial institution. Upon approval, the loan will be registered with Industry Canada.

This program is not available for farming businesses, not-for-profit organizations, or charitable and religious organizations.

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Small Business – Less Tax

However you dissect the finances of a business, specifically a small business, cash is the primary component of the bottom line. The more cash in the coffers, the more flexibility the business has.


The current global recession has dealt extremely harshly with Canadian small businesses. Reduced sales and credit restrictions have pummeled the cash flow of many worthy enterprises.

The Canadian government, seeking to ease the plight of this important and large sector of the country's business community, has established several stimulus programs through its Economic Action Plan to provide much needed economic relief. Realizing that continued growth of small business is dependant upon available cash, the federal government has passed legislation that increased the amount of small business income eligible for a reduced federal tax rate of 11 percent. Effective January 1, 2009, the eligibility cap was raised from $400,000 to $500,000. Canadian-controlled private corporations that claim the small business deduction are eligible for this credit. By increasing the eligible income by 25 percent, the federal government is helping small businesses retain more of their hard-earned cash. This, in turn, will help stabilize the business community, create new, much-needed jobs, and promote economic growth throughout the nation. It is estimated that this reduced tax rate will cost the country more than $120 million over the next two years. However, with nearly half a million Canadians out of work, it is a wise investment and money well spent.
Canadian businesses can obtain detailed information from the applicable federal government agencies.

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When Business Needs Cash

Strangely enough, the best and easiest time to raise cash for your business is when you don't need it. Cash and credit are the lifeblood of any business. However, when your business is in serious need of a cash injection, that is the hardest time to secure a loan. Raise cash for a rainy day when you're flush.

Lending institutions are in the business of making a profit on money that they lend. Therefore, a strong business is a far better prospect than a troubled one. The stronger a business' position, the better the terms it can secure on financing. Thus, when your business least needs a cash influx, go shopping for money. Proudly walking in the door of a financial institution with one's head held puts you in the driver's seat. Even in today's markets when banks are being far more selective, they prefer lending money and providing credit to strong, secure businesses. A smart bank seeks to limit its risks.

Experts suggest taking several advance steps while you're on strong financial footing. For example, draw down your credit line if you fear that rocky times are ahead. You may pay interest on unused funds but that's preferable to having the bank cancel an unused credit line.

While your company is still in its infancy, raise as much capital as you can from a variety of sources. It may be easier to sell your idea on paper rather than after reality sets in. Your initial excitement may be contagious to potential investors so use that to its maximum. New businesses often take time to show positive results. That early cash may help you get over the humps.

Be sure that you have a strong grip on your business. Learn to read the signs of impending problems and secure your financial grip before the situation becomes precarious.

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Shareholders Determine Executive Compensation

It's commonly known as say-on-pay policy. In the United Kingdom and the Netherlands, say-on-pay is mandatory. Now, as Canadians desire to be viewed as doing the right thing, say-on-pay will become policy at 13 Canadian corporations beginning next year.

Say-on-pay, although sounding like the name of a children's game, is by no means a game. It is a system whereby the shareholders of a corporation get to vote on executive compensation packages. Although the policy is merely advisory, it is by no means to be taken lightly. The board of directors is not obligated to follow the express directives of the shareholders. However, the vote by the shareholders - whether to increase top executive compensation, decrease executive pay, or leave it as is – can send a clear message to the board members.

In countries that regularly implement a say-on-pay policy, top company executives invest a good deal of effort to court shareholder votes. While they certainly have a vested interest in the outcome, the important factor is the open lines of communication between shareholders and corporation management. Regular discussion between the investors and operations is extremely important. The goal behind encouraging shareholders' input is to break down the barrier that currently exists and allow management to understand how their investors view the company's performance.

In an effort to encourage widespread acceptance of the say-on-pay policy, the Canadian Coalition for Good Governance is working on a model policy for boards to implement, including the wording of the actual resolution put to shareholders. As shareholders are likely to vote based on overall feelings and ignore the specifics, the Coalition hopes that the wording of their resolution will help shareholders focus their thoughts.

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